Table 29.1

Sources, processes, and product recovery of waste biorefineries-based circular economy.

S. No.

Proposed model

Wastewater source

Methodology

Transitional substrate

Product recovery

References

1.

Photosynthetic

model

Municipal

wastewater and flue

gas

Open pond

Biomass

Biofertilizer,

methane,

bioethanol,

biohydrogen

[10]

2.

Fishery industry

wastewater

Microbial

degradation

Hydrolyzed

substrate

Fish feed [11]

[[12]]

3.

Industrial

wastewater and flue

gas

Photosynthetic

system

Algal biomass

Biogas and

biofertilizer

[13]

4.

Brewery

wastewater

Photosynthesis

Algal biomass

Biofertilizer and

cattle feed

[13]

5.

Natural and

wastewater

Open and closed

system cultivation

Algal biomass

Biogas and liquid

biofuels

[14]

6.

Carbon

sequestration model

Paper pulp industry

waste

Microbial

fermentation

through

Lactobacillus and

Escherichia coli

Sugars

Lactic acid

[14]

7.

Crude glycerol

waste from

biodiesel industry

Microbial

degradation

Polyhydroxy

alkenoates

Biodegradable

plastic

[15]

8.

Paper pulp industry

waste

Microbial

fermentation

Bioethanol

Polyethylene

[16]

9.

Domestic

wastewater

Microbial

degradation

Polyhydroxy

alkenoates

Biodegradable

plastic

[12]

10.

Paper pulp mill

sludge

Polyhydroxy

alkenoates

Polyhydroxy

alkenoates and

volatile fatty acids

Biodegradable

plastic

[12]